Toward a comprehensive and realistic risk evaluation of engineered nanomaterials in the urban water system
نویسندگان
چکیده
The European COoperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ES1205 on the transfer of Engineered Nano materials from wastewater Treatment and stormwatEr to Rivers (ENTER) aims to create and to maintain a trans European network among scientists. This perspective article delivers a brief overview on the status quo at the beginning of the project by addressing the following aspects on engineered nano materials (ENMs) in the urban systems: (1) ENMs that need to be considered on a European level; (2) uncertainties on production-volume estimations; (3) fate of selected ENMs during waste water transport and treatment; (4) analytical strategies for ENM analysis; (5) ecotoxicity of ENMs, and (6) future needs. These six step stones deliver the derivation of the position of the ES1205 network at the beginning of the projects runtime, by defining six fundamental aspects that should be considered in future discussions on risk evaluation of ENMs in urban water systems.
منابع مشابه
Evaluation of urban resilience in dealing with flood risk using SWMM and Hec-Ras models in Mashhad Ab-o-Bargh neighborhood
Aims & Background Assessing the vulnerability of urban areas to surface water in cities is of particular importance. Destruction of the watershed upstream of urban areas, including the destruction of vegetation and road construction, as well as the uncontrolled expansion of urban and industrial lands, reduces the infiltration and increases runoff and carries the risk of floods. This study aims ...
متن کاملInvestigation and Evaluation of Urban Water Distribution System in Terms of Passive Defense Using Fuzzy DEMATEL Technique
Background and objective: Water supply networks are among the main and vital infrastructures of any city, therefore maintaining the safety of water supply facilities and considering necessary arrangements during encountering the critical conditions is among the main concerns of officials related to security issues of any country. For this purpose, investigation of these facilities in terms of p...
متن کاملResearch strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part VIII: International efforts to develop risk-based safety evaluations for nanomaterials.
The use of nanotechnology in consumer and industrial applications will likely have a profound impact on a number of products from a variety of industrial sectors. Nanomaterials exhibit unique physical/chemical properties and impart enhancements to engineered materials, including better magnetic properties, improved electrical activity, and increased optical properties. The United States, Europe...
متن کاملارزیابی طرح جامع شهر تبریز از منظر تحقق پذیری عدالت اسلامی
The dominance of the capitalist system on the struc­tures and processes of the urban planning system has led urban development patterns toward generating income. The prevalence of such this pattern has cre­ated a conflict between private and public interests. Attempt to resolve this conflict has led urban planning to the concept of spatial justice; so that spatial justice in urban plann...
متن کاملUnderground transportation system risk assessment to mitigate vulnerability against natural disasters through intelligent urban management
Quantitative and qualitative monitoring and evaluation of risk management programs will play an important role in the development of Tehran metropolitan railway transport. Considering the tectonic studies, seismic zones, land degradation and faults in north and south of Tehran, the development of underground railway lines, the assessment of the vulnerability of subway stations and the escalatio...
متن کامل